Interactions between Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein and Gene Segment . . . We identified a novel mechanism by which the viral nucleoprotein (NP) gene can selectively modulate NA segment replication and gene expression through interactions with the segment UTRs Our work highlights an unexpected role for NP in selective regulation of expression from the individual IAV gene segments
Rapid method for the characterization of 3′ and 5′ UTRs of influenza . . . This paper provides a detailed method to rapidly and accurately characterize the 3′ and 5′ UTR regions of the influenza gene segments The complete 3′ and 5′ UTR regions of any influenza virus can be ligated, amplified, and cloned for genetic characterization in less than 2 days
Accessory Gene Products of Influenza A Virus - PMC All IAV vRNAs have a generic structure of a long open reading frame (ORF) in antisense flanked both sides by short segment-unique untranslated regions (UTRs) and then conserved sequences that form a promoter structure for the viral polymerase (Fig 1)
Interactions between Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein and Gene Segment . . . We identi-ed a novel mechanism by which the viral nucleoprotein (NP) gene can selectively modulate NA segment replication and gene expression through interactions with the segment UTRs Our work highlights an unexpected role for NP in selective regulation of expression from the individual IAV gene segments
Interactions between influenza A virus nucleoprotein and gene segment . . . Our findings reveal a new role for NP in selective regulation of viral gene segment replication and demonstrate how the expression patterns of individual viral gene segments can be modulated during adaptation to new host environments
Impact of the segment-specific region of the 3-untranslated region of . . . Our findings suggest that the segment-specific regions in the UTRs and not just the conserved regions of the UTRs play an important role in the viral protein expression Additionally, the reported findings may also shed light on novel regulatory mechanism for the influenza A virus genome
Evolution of the influenza A virus untranslated regions The master segment may not automatically indicate strict conservation of sequence The UTR of the PB1, M and NS genes shows a small evolutionary divergence, rate, and speed (Fig 1, Fig 3, Fig 4) The importance of the specific sequence may vary among segments